Pennsylvania Genealogy Databases Digitized Records

Women s Christian Temperance Movement Essay - 1385 Words

The recently formed Women s Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU) took up the campaign for the vote in 1885. The movement was strongly linked to church and had the motto ‘For God, Home and Humanity.’ The WCTU had previously been involved in a temperance movement and this was one of the main reasons they decided to campaign for the vote. According to Wood â€Å"social climate had the greatest effect on mobilising women into a combined effort to rid themselves of laws that discriminated against them. Drunkenness and crime were two major reasons why women made the move to throw off the shackles that prevented their recognition as equals with men. The vote became imperative if the lot of women and children were to improve. † The women s vote did have many purposes, but improving the low moral level of society at that time was easily the most important. Many believed that female franchise would lead to the purification of New Zealand society and the Christianisation o f politics. It was believed that women had a stronger, nobler vision for a pure society which would lead to higher levels of sobriety and morality in New Zealand. The suffragists promoted the vote as a way that women could have social control over undesirable elements in the population. In the late nineteenth century women were beginning to find a place in the more public spheres of life. Larger numbers of women than ever were in paid employment; by 1874 twenty percent of females over fifteen were employed. ManyShow MoreRelatedThe Events Of Temperance Movement1332 Words   |  6 Pages Part 1: The Event; Temperance Movement â€Å"Second Great Awakening was not focused simply on promotion individual conversions; it was also intended to reform human society, which was said by Lyman Beecher a champion of evangelic Christian revivalism† (Tindall and Shi 508). The United States, which was known for a nation of separation and church and state was swept with religious revivals during 1790 to 1830s known as the Second Great Awakening. From the Second Great Awakening in 1842, the UnitedRead MoreThe Temperance Movement Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesTemperance Movement What was the purpose of the Temperance Movement and Prohibition on alcohol? The Temperance Movement was an anti-alcohol movement. The Temperance Movement took place back in the early 20th century. The Christian abolitionists who fought slavery also prayed to the same God to end the scourge of alcohol. The purpose of the Temperance Movement was to try to abolish alcohol in the early 1900’s. â€Å"’We Sang Rock of Ages‘: Frances Willard Battles Alcohol in the late 19th Century† (Willard)Read MoreThe Way That Women Earned Respect And Value Was First Through The Great Awakening875 Words   |  4 PagesThe way that women earned respect and value was first through the great awakening. Which emphasized faith and created later reforms such as the temperance, education, women rights, and abolition. All of these reforms put an emphasis on improving the moral compass of the nation. all of the issues were integrated with religion, since it was a religious movement. in the later 1820’s reforms created the Temperance movement, which was a reform against alcohol. Puritans believed that alcohol was completelyRead MoreHistory, Social Factors and Economic Impac of the Prohibition of Alcohol in the United States1490 Words   |  6 PagesStates in the early 1900’s. Cocaine was used as an anesthesia and medication in the early days of America until the drug was abused, and the legislature of the day deemed cocaine a dangerous drug. Americans would lose interest in cocaine until the 1960’s and then the drug would become even more popular in the 1980’s (Spillane, 1998). Today cocaine is one of the most prominent substances in the war on drugs. Alcohol today is a staple in American culture. In the 1800’s Americans would find anyRead MoreEssay on To what Extent the Progressive Movement was Successful1283 Words   |  6 Pagesbecame aware of these problems, a new reform group was created. Unlike populism, which had been a group of farmers grown desperate as the economy submerged into depression, the new reform movement arose from the educated middle class. These people were known as the progressives. The Progressive Movement was a movement that aimed at solving political, economic, and social problems. The Progressives were people from the middle class who had confidence that they could achieve social progress through politicalRead MoreA Sociological And Humanistic Perspective1714 Words   |  7 Pagesamendment is the result of over two centuries of an anti alcohol sentiment in society known as the temperance movement. This movement consisted of men and women but was primarily represented by women who were victims of domestic abuse by a partner who was an alcoholic. The aim of this movement was to limit or ban the sale, transport, distribution, and consumption of alcohol. The temperance movement is divided up into three waves, the first of which began in 1784 and went on until 1861(CITE). DuringRead MoreThe Antebellum Era: Major Social Reform Movements Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagessocial reform movements based on the urge to eradicate evil and improve human conditions in society. Despite the attempt to deal with a wide variety of reforms to provide positive changes to society these reform movements were met with varying degrees of success. This essay will focus on five of the major social reform movements of that era discussing their accomplishments, failures and impacts on America as a whole. They are the reforms of abolition, women’s suffrage, temperance, institutionalRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement889 Words   |  4 Pagescampaign for women’s suffrage during Wilson s administration. 2. NAWSA: National American Woman Suffrage Association. Founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony to secure the vote for women. 3. True Womanhood: (1820s-1840s) Idea that the ideal woman should possess the traits of piety, purity, domesticity submissiveness. 4. President Woodrow Wilson: Was against the women’s suffrage movement. 5. Jeannette Rankin (Montana): In 1916, before women could legally vote, she became the firstRead MoreThe Importance Of Frances Willard : The Gilded Age1751 Words   |  8 Pagesin New York in 1839. Francis Willard held several important positions, exceeding as an educator, a women’s suffragist, and a co-founder of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (Britannica). The fact that Frances Willard held these positions indicates that she contributed towards the improvement of the United States, specifically by educating Women, fighting for women’s rights, and fighting for prohibition. These key roles were complementary to the issues associated with the United States at theRead MoreEssay The Prohibition of the 1920s702 Words   |  3 Pagesthe 1920’s there was an experiment in the U.S. â€Å"The Prohibition†, this experiment, made by the government, was written as the 18th amendment. The prohibition led to the bootlegging, increase in crimes, and gan g wars. The experiment consisted in all importing, exporting, transporting, and selling liquor was put to an end. Prohibition had been tried from a lot of time as temperance movements, the movements that tried to stop the alcohol consumption started in the latest 1700’s. The first

John Wilkes Booth Family Cemetery - 942 Words

John Wilkes Booth was born on May 10, 1838 in a small log cabin that no longer exists, this cabin was located in Harford County, Maryland. He was one of ten kids, four of which did not live through their youth and were buried in a small family cemetery. Most of his neighbors adored Booth in his childhood. One of Booth’s favorites was Aunty Rogers, for when one day â€Å"he got a large cut in his head† she came over to the farm to stitch up the cut and to sterilize the wound. His parents Junius Brutus Booth and Mary Ann Holmes lived on a small farm near Bel Air where a nice house called Tudor Hall was built. On the Farm John got his nickname of ‘Johnnie’, he also learned how to train his own horses and on hot days he could swim in the â€Å"large swimming pool.† His dad was often drunk off the farm, but on the farm he was away from alcohol, for he put it away from his farm. Furthermore, Booth was becoming interested in the Southern thinking of the Uni on’s president Lincoln. In the first week of March 1864 General Judson Kilpatrick led an ambush from the North while Colonel Ulric Dahlgren came in from the South towards Richmond, Virginia. This was to release 100 Union prisoners from the prison there. The battle was a complete bust and even worse was the papers found on Colonel Dahlgren. â€Å"...Some historians claim eventually led to the death of Abraham Lincoln† Many of the Southern people hated hearing about these papers because Lincoln was supposed to give peace to them, not war.Show MoreRelatedJohn Wilkes Booth and his fellow conspirators planned to kidnap Abraham Lincoln on March 20, 1865,500 Words   |  2 PagesJohn Wilkes Booth and his fellow conspirators planned to kidnap Abraham Lincoln on March 20, 1865, but on that day the president did not arrive at the location they thought he would. Once Booth figured out that Lincoln was going to Ford’s Theater he and his conspirators planned to assassinate Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and William H. Seward (â€Å"Abraham†/history.com). Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated. As the president could not escape the southern sympathizers the nationRead MoreCompare and Contrast Lincoln And Jfk Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate he expressed his opinion that the nation would either be all slavery or all free, A house divided against itself cannot stand. In 1860, Lincoln ran for president against Northern Democrat Douglas, Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. He defeated the three, declaring him the sixteenth president of the United States of America. Lincoln was a Republican who was directly concerned with Civil Rights. He was not an abolitionist, but was determinedRead More Abraham Lincoln Essay1937 Words   |  8 Pageson February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. When he was two, the Lincoln’s moved a few miles to another farm on the old Cumberland Trail. A year later, his mother gave birth to another boy, Thomas, but he died a few days later. When Lincoln was seven his family moved to Indiana. In 1818, Lincoln’s mother died from a deadly disease called the â€Å"milk-sick.† Then ten years later his sister died and left him with only his father and stepmother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln traveled to New Salem in April 1831 and settledRead MoreThe Civil War : A Bloody Battle1150 Words   |  5 Pagesthird act of the play, John Wilkes Booth sneaks into the theatre and shoots Lincoln in the head. He never regained consciousness and died at 7:22am the next morning. Vice President Andrew Johnson takes over. The funeral procession for President Lincoln took place on April 19. On April 26, John Wilkes Booth was found and surrounded by Union forces. He was shot and killed in an old tobacco barn in Virginia. Abraham Lincoln was laid to rest on May 4 and was buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, ILRead MoreKilling Lincoln Is Acclaimed As `` Shocking, And A Historical Thriller1115 Words   |  5 Pagesthe reader question, â€Å"Is it really true?† with every turning page. Bill O’Reilly claims that everything mentioned is true and â€Å"unsanitized,† so a whole new story is opened to the audience, such as Booth being fun ded by the Confederate states and the Booth family being closely related to the Lincoln family. However, if everything is true, the question still remains: What is the most significant truth? Many people may refer to the cold hard facts about Lincoln’s assassination as the most significantRead MoreCauses Of The American Civil War1769 Words   |  8 Pagescould arrive, Lee gave unrestricted orders to attack Cemetery Hill to Ewell, who was now in charge of the Army of Northern Virginia’s Second Corps. Ewell did not follow orders to attack, since the Federal position was too strong; his restraint would later earn him many unfavorable comparisons to the great Stonewall. A few hours later, at least three Union corps under Winfield Scott Hancock arrived and extended the defensive line along Cemetery Ridge to the hill known as Little Round Top. During theRead MoreCompare Contrast: Lincoln and Jfk1762 Words   |  8 Pagesdebate he expressed his opinion that the nation would either be all slavery or all free, A house divided against itself cannot stand. In 1860, Lincoln ran for president against Northern Democrat Douglas, Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. He defeated the three, declaring him the sixteenth president of the United States of America. Lincoln was a Republican who was directly concerned with Civil Rights. He was not an abolitionist, but was determinedRead MoreEconomic Development in the United States1017 Words   |  4 Pageswhich a black man, Dred Scott, eventually went to the U.S. Supreme court in an attempt to gain his freedom. In the end the Supreme Court stated that any black will never be United States citizens. John Brown’s Raid John Browns Raid, also known as Raid on Harpers Ferry, was when John Brown and 20 other abolitionists attacked Harpers Ferry, Virginia to start a slave revolt. He was defeated by U.S. Marines led by Robert E. Lee. In total, eleven were killed and one was wounded. Uncle Tom’sRead MoreLincoln s Impact On The Civil War1542 Words   |  7 Pages1809, in a one-room log cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky† (â€Å"Abraham Lincoln†), to his parents Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. They moved around and eventually settled in another small cabin the backwoods’ of Indiana. As said by biography.com, â€Å"Where the family squatted on public land to scrap out a living in a crude shelter, hunting game and farming a small plot,† (â€Å"Abraham Lincoln biography†). Lincoln’s father was able to buy the land that they had settled on. A year after his mother’s death (NancyRead More Abraham Lincoln Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesLincoln. Lincoln had one older sister (Sarah) who was born in 1807. Three years after Abraham was born, his mother gave birth to a baby boy they named Thomas. The family was faced with devastating turmoil when Thomas died while he was still an infant. When Abe was nine years old he was kick ed in the head by a horse, which caused his family to believe him to be dead. He survived, but his mother died a few months later of milk sickness. Thomas, Abraham’s father, remarried one year later to a young woman

What Has Been The Effect Of Globalization On Terrorism.

What has been the effect of globalization on Terrorism? The aggravation of global problems at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries has become a distinctive aspect of the present stage of the development of the world community. Global problems largely determine today s features of international relations and the main directions of world politics. One of the key global problems that international community currently faces is international terrorism. A lively discussion about the growing influence of globalization on the study of international relations has become even more acute after September 11, 2001, when the world faced an unprecedented terrorist act in history. Thus, the side effects of globalization have found their own dangerous†¦show more content†¦However, in order to create the analytical framework of this work, it is crucial to find the definitions of the key terms of this question. The notion of terrorism and its evolution makes it doubtful of its existence as a generally accepted theoretical category and an established and universally accepted term. Bruce Hoffman argues that most of the definitions are too broad and hence, every act of violence by states, non-state actor or an individual is considered as an act of terrorism. Moreover, he claims the term, which was firstly coined during the French Revolution, has changed its meaning several times throughout the history, which makes it even more complex to create a totally accepted definition. Jeffrey Simon found 212 diverse definitions of terrorism. In my view, the term is largely overused by a variety of political actors and academics, who understand it differently. For example, Noam Chomsky argues that US policy toward Nicaragua, Haiti and Guatemala in the 1980s was a representation of a state terrorism and Robert Mugabe refers to the any democratic opposition in Zimbabwe as terrorists. However, it is hi ghly important to define the term because in the case of global terrorism of 21st century, defining becomes a power on itself and in order to use the power of the definition, the definition must be, at least party, shared. In my opinion, two main characteristicsShow MoreRelatedThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1542 Words   |  7 Pagesprogression occurring here. Currently, the war against terrorism is a growing concern and countries around the world have come together to meet for a consensus about the negativity surrounding terrorism, specifically a unification against ISIS. ISIS, which stands for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, is a terror organization that has claimed responsibilities for the recent bombings in Paris, Belgium and Pakistan (1). The Obama Administration has shown great attention and focus towards ending ISISRead MoreChanges in Europe Since the Fall of the Soviet Union, Effects and Issues.1399 Words   |  6 PagesSoviet Union 1991 many changes have been bro ught to Europe. After the fall of the Soviet Union newly formed countries of Eastern Europe found themselves brought into a new era, many of the people had relied on the Soviet Union’s system of socialism to help them with every detail of their lives and to dictate their lives but with this newfound freedom citizens had many changes forced upon them. All they once knew had been taken away so suddenly most didn’t know what to do with themselves. The GovernmentRead MoreGlobalization : The Transition Of Human Society Into The Third Millennium 1744 Words   |  7 PagesSince the 1990s there has been a boom in writing about globalization. According to one sociologist (Waters 1995: 1), it is the concept of the 1990s, ‘a key idea by which we understand the transition of human society into the third millennium’. Globalization can be best described as a process of interaction and integration amongst the people, companies and governments of different nations. It al so refers to a world in which societies, cultures, politics and economies have, in some sense, come closerRead MoreRelevance Of Sovereignty And The Threat Of Terrorism Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesexpanding necessity of humanitarian intervention along with eliminating the threat of terrorism. Sovereignty, as defined in the Westphalian sense, is only useful today in international politics to the extent that states still require justification for their interventions, heavily varying from the idea of state supremacy within its borders. Globalization alongside intricate international affairs, such as terrorism and humanitarian intervention, largely influence current sovereignty norms. ConventionalRead MoreOrganized Crime and Terrorism1000 Words   |  4 PagesTreverton et all define crime and terrorism as illegal activities which greatly revolve around economic interests. The document accurately depicts how ‘organized crime seeks money and why terrorism needs it’ . Furthermore, according to the authors, the definitions about crime presented by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), United Nations (UN), and the International Police (INTERPOL) coincide in some terms regarding the essence of organized crime. All of the aforementioned identify key wordsRead MoreGlobalization and Religion Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization and Religion James Davidson Axia College Globalization and Religion In todays world of continuous growth and expansion, the lines of religious borders are becoming blurred. According to Merriam Webster, globalization is defined as the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets (2007). The exponential growth that businesses are experiencing is forcing corporationsRead MoreAmerican National Interests: The Mission of Homeland Security1298 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican National Interests With the continued globalization, there are various concerns that the USA come across and will continue to encounter over the next few years. These challenges will become more pronounced with the continued fluidity of populations across the world due to the continued globalization. Some of the major concerns that the USA will definitely have at the national and even international level are the successful war on terrorism, adequate Homeland security and the fast risingRead MoreThe Challenge of Organizational Communication714 Words   |  3 PagesThe Challenge of Organizational Communication video†¦ What does it all mean? It means that in recent years the world has been changing faster than ever before and becoming more complex than anyone could ever imagine. Katherine Miller points out 4 aspects of these changes that were barely on the radar 20 years ago, but today dominate much of our thinking. The first one is globalization. It has become a truism to say that we live in a global economy and participate in a global market. The emergeRead MoreGlobalization Is A Positive Way Or Negative Way?1034 Words   |  5 Pages3rd Dec 2015 Essay on Has Globalization Changed Global Politics in a Positive Way or a Negative way Globalization- Positive or Negative Globalization is one of the 21st century’s most important politics topic. I have heard the term globalization in my economics lecture and in political debates. Some of my friends argued when I asked them if globalization is changed global politics in a positive way or negative way. Some of them argued saying that globalization is a positive developmentRead MoreImpact Of Terrorism On Contemporary International Relation1786 Words   |  8 Pagespoints each. Each response should Question 4: Define terrorism and put it into historical context. What are the principal features of contemporary terrorism and how does it differ from the past? Discuss with reference to processes of integration and fragmentation and post-modern warfare. Using at least one example from the course readings or your independent research, explain the impact of terrorism on contemporary international relation. Terrorism is a term the world hears more than we want to. ISIS

Forced Community Service Persuassive Essay Free Essays

Benchmark Essay Courtney Ceurvels Purple 6/12/12 Students shouldn’t be required to perform seventy five hours of community service. This is because the work wouldn’t be done well if the students were forced. Also time would be taken away from clubs, sports, social life and school work. We will write a custom essay sample on Forced Community Service Persuassive Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then again it will make the town look better. If students were forced to do volunteer work to complete schooling then it would most likely not be done well. Being forced the students won’t get the same lesson and/or experience from it. Never mind the work wouldn’t be done as well because they don’t want to do it. Then if they don’t want to do it, the work won’t be done to the best of their ability. Also forcing 75 hours of volunteer work would take time away from school work, sports, clubs and social life. Most kids have sports practice or club meeting after school hours then have t complete school work after that. With a schedule already that packed then adding more responsibility to a student’s life could effect their sleeping habits and cause stress. Volunteer work could also lower grades and the sport skills of students if they miss practice or studying time over community service work. Some people might say that it would make the town a better place to make the students more involved. Also some might complain that it would keep kids out of trouble, when really all you’re doing if giving them another way to get in trouble. Since kids are forced to do the work and some are already extremely busy then they won’t complete their hours and then that would effect them receiving a diploma. This is why students shouldn’t be required to perform 75 hours of community service for schooling. The students are already too busy with their school work, clubs, sports and social life. They would have a bad work ethic since they were being forced, also it wouldn’t have the same meaning/lesson. The only pro is that it would help the town but in this situation, the cons greatly outweigh the pros. How to cite Forced Community Service Persuassive Essay, Essay examples

Social Media by Business and Governments-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the use of Social Media by Business and Governments. Answer: Introduction Social media is an integral medium of communication in events of emergencies such as flooding, bush fires and fire emergencies. Due to the low usage of bandwidth of social medias, the information can be transferred quickly from one place to another without any delay which is essential in the event of an emergency. People tend to look towards social media channels endorsed by government during the state of an emergency. Social media is used extensively by governmental bodies as it helps in the sharing and coordinating information among emergency staffs who are located in multiple regions. It also helps in focusing and coordinating volunteers. It plays an important role in connecting communities with ample amounts of support services. It also helps in understanding the situational information from the communities who use social medias to prepare a proper response and management team. Time to tim e update is also achieved via social medias which is important for preparing the proper rel ief operations in the event of crisis. In the proposed report, the effective use of social media during an emergencies have been analyzed. The risks and benefits associated with social media during the emergency has been highlighted and evaluated. The proper way of handling a potential threat of fire to a regional community has been discussed. For assessing the context, the case of Hazelwood Mine fire has been taken as an example and the use of social media in the proposed scenario has been evaluated. Discussion Brief Introduction of The Case Study Figure 1: Hazelwood Coal mine fire (Source: Cliff 2015) On February 9th 2014, a fire broke out in a coal mine of Hazelwood Power station. The fire was described as one of the most complex and longest running fire in the history of the state by the Country Fire Authority. The ash and smoke from the fire affected the residents that were living in the nearby towns. The people of South Morwell were relocated by the Victorian Chief Health Officer as the region was covered with dangerous particles of PM 2.5. The fire highlighted the need for proper inquiry and effective preparation of the part of the government to tackle such problems. The fire was brought into control on March 10, 2014 (Cliff 2015). Figure 2: Hazelwood coal mine fire (Source: Macnamara 2015) The Fire inquiry report of Hazelwood coal mine fire stated that the communities who were living around the power station faced adverse health conditions. The financial impact was faced by both the government and the businesses due to medical costs, relocation of homes, destruction in property and downturn in the businesses (Siskey et al. 2016). Handling a Potential Threat of Fire for a Regional Community using social media For effectively handling a potential threat of fire for the local communities, some steps have been devised for the local government to assess and implement during a crisis. The steps have been devised keeping the main focus on the effective use of social media during a fire emergency. State emergency and local officials should share their official websites and social medias to the regional community members so that they can stay up to date about the transit changes, evacuation routes, status about the fire, emergency numbers and other relevant informations (Criado, Sandoval-Almazan and Gil-Garcia 2013). The state officials should manage their Twitter account judiciously to respond directly to the community and correct any misinformation. During the emergency, hundreds of people will upload their eye witness accounts and damage photos which can be effectively used by the state department to formulate an escape strategy and response efforts. News Medias can encourage the local public to use particular hashtags so that everyone can check the relevant messages (Simon, Goldberg and Adini 2015). In this way, effective and coordinated distribution of information around the region can help in effective handling of the emergency situation. A crisis mapping technology can be implemented just like in Haiti when an earthquake occurred in Port au prince. The open source mapping technology can help in mapping geo tagged messages of Twitter and other online links. The blue badges provided in the next figure shows the content items which can be accessed by the concerned authorities to access the associated contents. This tool is very useful in gaining valuable information during a crisis and initiate appropriate recovery strategies (Oliveira and Welch 2013). The crisis map can be used to aggregate the social media information like geo tagged messages and emails. Figure 3: An example of a crisis map of Australian fires (Source: Google Crisis Map 2018) The government can also take advantage of SMS and smartphone technology to initiate a charity campaign. The relief that can be gained from the campaign can be used to address the affected people who lost their homes and those who are in need of a basic funding due to the fire emergency. The government can use Google Person Finder to share and collect information about people who went missing during the crisis. The website is capable of tracking hundreds of accounts days after the crisis. Critical information can be distributed through the official twitter account of the government. Voluntary efforts can be made through dedicated facebook pages who organize their efforts to help those who are in dire need of aid (Mergel 2013). An emergency alert network can be created by the authorities which can be used to generate emergency updates and notification in the event of a crisis. The government can also review its emergency broadcasting systems to increase the internet broadcasting capabilities so that more people can access the Social Medias to convey emergency messages. Public should be informed and educated about how a social media can be utilized as a part of the public information systems and the emergency warning system (Wendling, Radisch and Jacobzone 2013). Furth er research needs to be conducted so that the effective use of social media can be incorporated with information exchange during a crisis. The ideal way of implementing social media to handle a potential fire threat is written in the following methods and descriptions. The first method is developing a strategic plan. The target audience, staffing requirements, objectives and tactics need to be identified. The governance structure needs to be created for approval (Imran et al. 2013). The ideal social media channel needs to be identified. Second, the policies need to be established. Documents need to be developed which will be used as a guide by emergency managers for proper use of social media. Policies which provide effective leadership support need to be implemented. Third, a social media presence need to be established. The concerned authorities need to create accounts in popular social media for maintain an active presence online. They need to engage with the communities properly in advance. Fourth, the expectations need to be managed. The prospective people need to be engaged early in the process so that they can have realistic expectation during the time of a fire emergency (Kryvasheyeu et al. 2016). The frequency of communication between the people and officials need to be properly stated. Fifth, the operation concept need to be established. The management process of the social media need to be determined during a fire emergency. More staffs need to be trained so that they can be allocated to monitor the social media during a fire emergency. The emergency management plans needs to incorporate strategies related to social media. Sixth, frequent updates need to be distributed. The public needs to be pre engaged son that the visibility is increased during emergency as well as no emergency scenarios (Potts 2013). Seventh, coordination with other organizations need to be conducted. An online central source can be set up for distributing information from numerous sources about fire emergency related topics (De Albuquerque et al. 2015). The social media channels also need to be coordinated regionally. Eight, social media content needs to be monitored. The community members need to be engaged in communications where all their queries can be properly answered. Ninth, public information need to be evaluated. The method of receiving official messages through social media channels need to be monitored (Graham and Avery 2013). Incorrect rumors need to be quickly decimated. Social media management tools need to be utilized for analyzing documents. Tenth, utilization of visual maps. Location services, for example crisis maps need to be used to provide more visual content in the case of a fire emergency. Evacuation and shelter zones need to be properly mentioned in the map (Hiltz and Plotnick 2013). Regional members should be able to upload damage reports and eyewitness accounts in the case of an emergency. Lastly, extra measures during lack of connectivity. The infrastructure of the network need to be robust and should be able to handle high demands in case of fire emergency. A contingency plan need to be established to mitigate the issues in the vent of loss of connectivity and power. Benefits of using social media during the emergency How social media was used by the CFA The 2014 Hazelwood Coal Mine fire showed a critical flaw in the information flow system between the community and the emergency management system in a dynamic manner. The Country Fire Authority (which is responsible for providing emergency service to regional townships and rural areas) performed extensive work to update their communications strategies during the emergency (Country Fire Authority 2018). Social medias such as Twitter and Facebook was used by The Country Fire Authority of Australia to understand the severity of the coal mine fire and encouraged the local communities to upload their content in the News and Media Website of The Country Fire Authority (Houston et al. 2015). This was extremely useful as the interactive multimedia website allowed people to keep in touch with the latest news, join the discussion board and provide the latest multimedia content. Figure 4: Screenshot of CFA website (Source: Country Fire Authority 2018) The timely update of information from the people living around Victoria, Australia was the key engagement strategy of CFA during the emergency. The website provided a common platform to the people for uploading pictures, videos and discussion comments to understand the severity of the condition. This information was actively used by the authorities to deploy perfect mitigation techniques for the emergency. The prompt action of relocating thousands of people (by reviewing unofficial and official information) was only possible due to the social interaction between the authorities and the local communities (Country Fire Authority 2018). A collaborative approach was deployed by CFA to engage the public in online communications. Twitter was used extensively by the authorities as a prime distribution mechanism in the time of emergencies. The detailed communication approach was used through Facebook social media (Landwehr and Carley 2014). The effective management of the social interaction was only possible due to the effective management of roles by the staff members of CFA who were handling the social media accounts. How social media was used by the government authorities Figure 5: Recovery attempts after the emergency (Source: Macnamara 2015) When the fire broke out, the government authorities started to actively monitor the social medias and made use of collaborative communication to understand the severity of the issue. Hashtags such as #Hazelwoodfire was used extensively by the public, nongovernmental as well as governmental agencies and news media to update information about the incident on social medias. The consistent use of hashtags on Social Medias was used by firefighters to assess the evacuation routes for the common public residing around the area (Lachlan et al. 2016). The use of social medias in these incidents helped the concerned authorities to formulate a response effort and demonstrate the power that these social medias can have for emergency management plans. Other benefits in general The social media gives the person an immediate voice to give their opinion about the emergency. It also assists an individual to track the progress of the recovery efforts in the case of an emergency. The social media can also alert the local communities by acting as an early warning system. It can help individuals to connect with their near and dear ones during the emergency. Businesses can contact their customers and shareholders about the emergency and update them about the efforts that are being carried out. Other businesses usually update their social media presence to tell the public to reope and rebuild their busineses. Trending hashtags can be analysed by relief organizations to boost their relief efforts in a targeted area. Risks of using social media during an emergency Figure 6: Protests after Hazelwood was widely criticized in social media (Source: Cliff 2015) Studies have shown that during an emergency, outdated and inaccurate information can be updated in social media forums which can delay the response efforts of the concerned authorities. The location of the emergency can be reported inaccurately in the forums which is a huge concern that needs to be addressed. Even after the victims are rescued, repeated tweets about rescue operations can jeopardize the entire response efforts (Mergel and Bretschneider 2013). The response time also can be falsely reported in the social media sites. Another risks related to using social media during emergency is that some organizations or individuals can deliberately delay rescue efforts by providing incorrect information (Imran et al. 2015). Trolls are hoaxes during an emergency is very common and there is little time to prove their authenticity. During an emergency, power outages are very common. This can lead to a huge technology limitation to access the social media sites for getting a proper disaster response. The number of personnel and their skills sets need to be assessed to carry out a proper response effort (Alexander 2014). These estimates can be miscalculated due to improper information that are posted in social media sites. Another risk factor during the event of an emergency is the security and privacy of personal information in social media (Wukich 2016). Besides that, there are some people in a society who do not access social media accounts. This is a huge drawback as the rescue effort messages would not reach the intended target audience during an emergency. Lack of proper training of personnel who access the social media management can also delay response efforts. Negative opinions can be targeted at a particular organization which can reduce the effect of the disaster response. Conclusion To conclude the report, it can be stated that proper methods have been discussed by which potential threats of fire can be handled by regional communities through the usage of social medias. The benefits of using social medias have been evaluated through the proposed scenario. The risks of using social medias have also been evaluated. Proper recommendations need to be analyzed so that the advantages outweigh the risks that are involved in using social media during emergencies. Social medias are used increasingly in the emergency management procedures day by day. These tools are used as they effectively disseminate information to a wide audience in a matter of minutes giving the concerned body ample time to create a response plan. These social tools are used by humanitarian bodies as well as government bodies for recovery, response and preparedness efforts by sending alert messages to the public and helping others to monitor their interactions. The report has evaluated the case study to get an insight into the advantages of social media and the key role it played in saving countless lives. Although the social tools need to evolve and has a number of drawbacks, with proper analysis by a social management team, the threats can be ignored for the proper utilization of social media. References Alexander, D.E., 2014. Social media in disaster risk reduction and crisis management.Science and engineering ethics,20(3), pp.717-733. Cliff, D., 2015. The Hazelwood Mine Fire 2014. Country Fire Authority. (2018).Hazelwood Mine Fire Inquiry - Country Fire Authority. [online] Available at: https://www.cfa.vic.gov.au/about/hazelwood-mine-fire-inquiry [Accessed 27 Mar. 2018]. Criado, J.I., Sandoval-Almazan, R. and Gil-Garcia, J.R., 2013. Government innovation through social media. De Albuquerque, J.P., Herfort, B., Brenning, A. and Zipf, A., 2015. A geographic approach for combining social media and authoritative data towards identifying useful information for disaster management.International Journal of Geographical Information Science,29(4), pp.667-689. Graham, M. and Avery, E., 2013. Government public relations and social media: An analysis of the perceptions and trends of social media use at the local government level.Public Relations Journal,7(4), pp.1-21. Hiltz, S.R. and Plotnick, L., 2013. Dealing with information overload when using social media for emergency management: Emerging solutions. InISCRAM. Houston, J.B., Hawthorne, J., Perreault, M.F., Park, E.H., Goldstein Hode, M., Halliwell, M.R., Turner McGowen, S.E., Davis, R., Vaid, S., McElderry, J.A. and Griffith, S.A., 2015. Social media and disasters: a functional framework for social media use in disaster planning, response, and research.Disasters,39(1), pp.1-22. Imran, M., Castillo, C., Diaz, F. and Vieweg, S., 2015. Processing social media messages in mass emergency: A survey.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),47(4), p.67. Imran, M., Elbassuoni, S., Castillo, C., Diaz, F. and Meier, P., 2013, May. Extracting information nuggets from disaster-related messages in social media. InIscram. Kryvasheyeu, Y., Chen, H., Obradovich, N., Moro, E., Van Hentenryck, P., Fowler, J. and Cebrian, M., 2016. Rapid assessment of disaster damage using social media activity.Science advances,2(3), p.e1500779. Lachlan, K.A., Spence, P.R., Lin, X., Najarian, K. and Del Greco, M., 2016. Social media and crisis management: CERC, search strategies, and Twitter content.Computers in Human Behavior,54, pp.647-652. Landwehr, P.M. and Carley, K.M., 2014. Social media in disaster relief. InData mining and knowledge discovery for big data(pp. 225-257). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Macnamara, J.R., 2015. The Hazelwood coal mine fire: Lessons from crisis miscommunication and misunderstanding.Case Studies in Strategic Communication. Mergel, I. and Bretschneider, S.I., 2013. A three?stage adoption process for social media use in government.Public Administration Review,73(3), pp.390-400. Mergel, I., 2013. A framework for interpreting social media interactions in the public sector.Government Information Quarterly,30(4), pp.327-334. Oliveira, G.H.M. and Welch, E.W., 2013. Social media use in local government: Linkage of technology, task, and organizational context.Government Information Quarterly,30(4), pp.397-405. Potts, L., 2013.Social media in disaster response: How experience architects can build for participation. Routledge. Simon, T., Goldberg, A. and Adini, B., 2015. Socializing in emergenciesA review of the use of social media in emergency situations.International Journal of Information Management,35(5), pp.609-619. Siskey, MS, A. and Islam, PhD, CFM, T. (2016). Social media best practices in emergency management.Journal of Emergency Management, 14(2), p.113. Wendling, C., Radisch, J. and Jacobzone, S., 2013. The use of social media in risk and crisis communication. Wukich, C., 2016. Social media use in emergency management.Journal of Emergency Management,13(4), pp.281-294.

Competition - Competitive Advantage - and Clusters

Question: Discuss about the Competition, Competitive Advantage, and Clusters. Answer: Introduction Cloud computing is an internet based method of computing. The method uses internet to store and process data (Hayes, 2009). The cloud computing model provides storage, servers, computer networks and applications to users anywhere anytime. Cloud providers require users to subscribe and pay as they use the system. Cloud computing model is an alternative to premise in house supported model solution. The model increases computing capacity at a low cost and is easily accessible that contributes to increased efficiency in an organization. Change in Information technology system is a process of transitions from current undesirable model to a more effective model (Beynon et al., 2016). Change in this case involves transition from in-house supported model to cloud computing model. This following report addresses the feasibility of clouding computing model in Coles Supermarket business. The report will address the current situation that need to be changed by the new technological development in the IT industry. The report will also outline recommendations that will enable execution of strategies for the company to attain competitiveness. Coles Supermarket is a chain store in Australia. The company was started in 1914 by George Coles. The company has its headquarters in Melbourne. The company has 776 branches in Australia with more than 100000employeess. The company is currently managed by John Durkan as the Director. The company deals with retail on both supermarket outlets and online stores. The Company is owned by Wesfarmers. Current Situation The company is currently using premises in-house support solution model of computing. The company has heavily invested in EPR solution. The company also has a CRM solution system that does not support mobile. Coles uses IT system to input, process and store data in all departments of the organization. Suppliers use merchandising systems to transact with the company. The company has also used the IT system to create automation around the business operations. The following will be the success factors for Coles IT system; A low cost internet server A CRM solution that is mobile supported. Automatic updating IT system An online, flexible and secure IT system These factors will indicate that the clouding computing model is feasible for the company. Need for Change The need for change in Coles business is necessitated by three main factors; first, the existing EPR solution of the company requires a lot of support and maintenance by experts. The EPR is a major investment and requires periodic upgrade and regular maintenance. The system requires skills to support and maintenance skills that the company lacks. This has made the system expensive to maintain. Secondly, the company is still using the old CRM solution that does not support mobile phone interface. There has been an increase in internet access by use of mobile phone in the recent decade. Most people are using their mobile phones to check information or access services through the internet (Ratten, 2015). This factor necessitates a CRM solution system that can be easily accessed by a mobile phone and has automatic updates. Lastly, there has been hype around the internet of things. The IT industry has changed and other companies are adopting the change (Tari, 2014). The new technological developments have changed the environment of operations that create a need to change to offer value to the companys customers. Desire of the Manager to adopt new technological development Lack of premises in house Expert with skills to support and maintain EPR system Need to increase capability of the Companys IT to serve Mobile users Minimization of resources used in supporting a computing model Other competing organizations have adopted the new developments in Information technology and they are attaining a competitive advantage over Coles business (Huggins and Izushi, 2011). Increasing customers value The advancement in technology Strategic Plan The strategic plan will involve formulation of strategies and implementations of actions to enable establish feasibility and adoption of cloud computing model. The purpose of this strategic plan is enable understanding the current state of the company in terms of capabilities and opportunities and outline tactics that will enable the business maintain and increase sales in the market. The strategic plan will cover the following components; mission statement, objectives, SWOT, strategies and competitive advantage. The Mission statement of Coles Company is offering customers quality, service and value at affordable prices. The company aims to achieve quality in their produce and give customers best services that add value to their life. The objective of this strategic plan is to reduce investment in IT and enable quicker time market solution. This objective is expected to be met by replacing the current on premise in-house supported solution model to cloud computing model. The Coles SWOT analysis is as follows; The Company has strength in having resources, well established and has a large market share in Australia. Coles has a weakness of slow rate of adopting change, aging workforce and inadequate IT skills. The company has an opportunity of increasing its market share by reaching mobile phone customers. Lastly the company is faced by threats of increasing competitors in the retail and supermarket industry. The strategy for Coles business is to maintain its market share by offering its customers best quality, services and value. This strategy is to be enabled by adopting current IT system that creates a good interface between the company and its customers (Hunter, 2009). The competitive advantage of Coles Business is affordable prices to its customers. The company aims at attaining a competitive advantage by charging low prices. Lower prices attract customers thereby attaining a competitive edge (Onsarigo et al., 2017). Conclusion From the report, Coles Company is in need of a new computing model. The company needs to change in order to minimize it cost of operations and remain strategic in the industry. Changing to cloud computing model will reduce the company capital investments on IT system, enable automatic updates of the system and be competitive to other companies in the industry. The company will also have access to flexible server, Information recovery in case of disaster, document control, Security of system and be able to work from any point anywhere. Therefore, clouding computing model is a feasible technology in the company because it will enable the company to achieve it mission and meet its objectives. Recommendations Following the discussion on this report, I recommend the following; Coles Chain Stores should change it computing model to cloud computing for it the future of the Information technology industry. The system will also cut their operations cost. The company should also hire an expert who understands the cloud computing model to enable smooth transition and that the company full benefits from the model. References Beynon-Davies, P., Jones, P. and White, G. (2016). Business Patterns and Strategic Change. Strategic Change, 25(6), pp.675-691. Hayes, J. (2009). Clout of the cloud (cloud computing). Engineering Technology, 4(6), pp.60-61. Huggins, R. and Izushi, H. (2011). Competition, competitive advantage, and clusters. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hunter, P. (2009). Cloud aloud [cloud computing in enterprises]. Engineering Technology, 4(16), pp.54-56. Kirubakaramoorthi, R., Arivazhagan, D. and Helen, D. (2015). Analysis of Cloud Computing Technology. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(21). Onsarigo Miencha, I., Paul, J. and Selvam, M. (2017). Technical Efficiency for Strategic Change and Global Competitiveness. Strategic Change, 26(1), pp.53-67. Ratten, V. (2015). Cloud Computing Technology Innovation Advances:. International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing, 5(1), pp.69-76. Tari, Z. (2014). Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing. IEEE Cloud Computing, 1(1), pp.54-57.

Patriot Act Importance for the American Citizens

Because of the tragic events of 2001, and the consequences of the terrorist act, together with the overall concern about the security situation in the world, the USA government, headed by George B7ush, came to the conclusion that the law that enables the security services act as fast as possible is needed.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Patriot Act Importance for the American Citizens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Accordingly, in 2001 the so-called PATRIOT Act of 2001 was created in order to prevent the tragic events from happening on the territory of the United States. Since the act clarifies the issues of the modern security system of the government and several points on the foreign and home politics, it would be a good idea to trace its creation, consider its points and see the results of the act applied to the real political system. Coming into legal force on October, 26 2001, the act that was re ad as Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 was supposed to make the active security system more efficient. To be more precise, the new act enacted to help track down and punish terrorists and to prevent further terrorism, contains no provisions specially directed at libraries or their patrons.† (Ewing 8). Thus, it can be concluded that the act is supposed to make the system of tracking the terrorists and preventing their actions in a more efficient and productive way. Historically, the PARTIOT Act has been derived from the act of the same meaning and influence that preceded the PATRIOT Act. Called FISA, or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, it was aimed at protecting the country from the possible invasions that the opponents could undertake, and covered the points that allowed the security system to act according to the circumstances, enabled with the power to protect the citizen with every single method possible. Abele explained it in the following way: It prescribes procedures for requesting judicial authorization for electronic surveillance and physical searches of persons engaged in espionage or international terrorism against the U.S. on behalf of a foreign power. (Abele 19) In other words, the GISA act was aimed at maximizing the protection for the citizen of the U.S. and making the system of the international security work its best. In fact, these were the prerequisites of the PATRIOT Act emerging. In spite of the fact that the Act was aimed at the most decent aim and was supposed t be greeted with open arms, there was some chill in the society, both political and civil, as the act came into force.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, to understand the reasons that underlay the creation of the PATRIOT Act, a deep retrospective into the history is required. The reasons that made the government make the decision to come back to the basics of the security system introduced in 1996 antiterrorism legislation were quite sufficient and well-thought. It must be admitted that these reasons were inspired by the idea of the overall security of the United States. In order to understand the reasons for the Patriot Act, information concerning the months, weeks and days leading up to 9/11 is required. One primary reason for the Act was the belief that the traditional way of conducting business had failed; thus, the need for the Patriot act. (Smith 3) Actually, there was a great deal of critics that made people think that the act was of no profit or use to the USA and that it practically was targeting at the democracy that the people of the United States were appreciating so much . This was the challenge that led to the accusation of not following the Constitution, which was close to passing a death penalty to the act. However, the creators of the act did not keep silence and presented well-thought arguments as well. As it was the case after the passage of the 1996 antiterrorism legislation, immediately after passage of the 2001 Patriot Act hundreds of pressure groups condemned the law because of its capacity to diminish civil liberties protection in the name of the national security against terrorism. (Ball 70) The idea that the opponents presumed was that, enabling the security systems to act according to their own plans in the name of defeating terrorism, the government was violating people’s rights, for the ways that the new law could be read were more than numerous. The suggestions of how far the security systems might go to provide total safety were rather gloomy and making people think of the stability of their rights and privileges. The new law was found rather difficult to put into practice even with the parliament of the United States. Even the bodies of Congress suspected that the act will not be gre eted by the citizen willingly. Actually, they had the reasons to worry. Although the president’s influence is evident in both congressional bills, members of the House and the Senate fought hard to strike a balance between increasing the power of intelligence and law enforcement personnel and eroding civil liberties including the right to privacy granted to all American citizens. (Scheppler 27)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Patriot Act Importance for the American Citizens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, taking into account that the new law presupposed that the intelligence had the rights of wiretapping and getting involved into people’s personal life, this was close to challenging the principles of the USA democracy. However good and efficient the new system of protection could be the violation of the nation’s constitutional rights was fraught with undesirable consequence s, up to rebellion. Of course, the government could not allow itself to go that far. The things that stirred such great debates in the society were the methods that FBI was allowed to apply to trace and prevent the terrorist acts before they took people’s lives. These could be many, but the most well-known are wiretapping and pen registers. As the most obvious violation of human’s rights, these methods were criticized by the population severely. Section 216 of the Patriot Act amended the existing pen register and trap and trace laws to include e-mail messages. The Patriot Act allows intelligence agents to capture outgoing and incoming e-mail addresses, without intercepting e-mail content or subject line text. (Scheppler 32) This triggered numerous protests that were held in 2001 for the act to be disabled so that people could feel safe about the freedoms that they had. â€Å"Given the past record in American history, these critics were not sanguine about the future of the civil liberties in the new age of asymmetrical warfare against terrorism† (Ball 70). Indeed, the American citizens had the reason to worry, taking into consideration all the sufferings that the USA was to go through to achieve the democracy that they had. The new law did give the personal safety that was needed badly in the age when terrorists were so successful in their cruel act, but there still was the need for the democratic approach, which the new law seemed to ignore. However, the ample heaps of critics that have been poured on the new project overlooked a very important subject, which was the importance of the national security system reinforcement. With all its drawbacks and the points that blowed the basis of the American democracy, it still provided a sufficient protection from the invaders. This was the reason that had to be taken into account, for people needed security and protection badly. The terrorist acts might occur once again, and even more people could suffer. While there was something that could be done about the dangerous situation, all possible measures were to be undertaken.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Still it must be admitted that there were the positive feedbacks from the population, since it was understood that it was the matter of life and death for the U.S., the terrorist acts able to occur every single moment. The restrictions were needed to be applied to the acting system of security, which was well understood and was considered the prior goal of the governmental bodies. As time passed, the date of expiry of some of the positions in the Act was approaching. The date when these positions were disabled from the further influence was December 31, 2005. By that time, the security system should have improved and detected the probable danger of terrorism. According to the results that have been presented by that time, there were major achievements that have to be spoken about. After all, the danger of the terrorist acts was solely vanishing, and people could finally feel safer in their own homeland. Although, like any other countries, U.S. cannot guarantee a complete safety, but the danger of the terrorist acts was practically nullified. The results spoke for themselves, claiming the new law to be effective. Finally, the PATRIOT Act has gained the support among the American citizens and has proved its being a worthy method of solving the problems of the foreign policy that are connected with terrorism. It has been a valuable experience for the American people, and the safety that it provides guarantees that the USA will not suffer from the terrorism acts anymore. Works Cited Abele, Robert. P. A User’s Guide to the USA Patriot Act and beyond. New York, NY: University Press of America, 2005. Print. Ball, Howard. USA Patriot Act of 2001. Santa-Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2004. Print. Ewing, Alphonse B., and Charles Doyle. The USA Patriot Act Reader. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Publishers, 2005. Print. Scheppler, Bill. The USA Patriot Act: Antiterror Legislation in Response to 9/11. New York, NY: Rosen Publishing Group, 2005. Print. Smith, Cary S., and Li-Ching Hung . The PATRIOT Act: Issues and  Controversies. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas Publisher, 2010. Print. This research paper on Patriot Act Importance for the American Citizens was written and submitted by user Maritza Langley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Authorship in Cinema essays

Authorship in Cinema essays Flannery O'Connor's short story collection A Good Man is Hard to Find has many elements of a southern gothic work. Images of ancient castles with sliding panels create suspicious themes and settings that lead the readers into the dark and gloomy world of the southern United States. With all of the violence, horror, and dismal surroundings presented in O'Connor's stories there is too a moral message given. Later gothic work did not always explain horror like this, holding little moral value to contrast their grotesque images (notes, November 1). O'Connor's stories do include a strong moral element, frequently in the form of religious explanations. The characters within A Good Man is Hard to Find are usually ignorant and self-satisfying people, who come across "the grotesque" and are shocked into self-realization, no longer self-satisfied. These grotesque elements are usually the divine in disguise forcing the characters into introspection. In a letter Flannery O'Connor wrote sh e stated: "You have found Christ when you are concerned with other people's suffering and not your own." In this quotation we can see the moral message O'Connor was attempting to convey in her stories, and through further analysis of the work this fact can be more clearly illustrated. In the first story, A Good Man is Hard to Find, O'Connor's moral message is clearly presented. The grandmother protagonist in the story is very self-serving. She demands constant attention (although rarely getting it) and stubborn in the fact that her wishes must be carried out. She only wants to go to Tennessee to see old connections (O'Connor, pg. 1). The grandmother cannot move away from past and is at the same time confused by accuracy of past events. On the trip a road stop seems very suggestive of a hellish place: barbecue fires, Red Sammy, etc (O'Connor, pg. 6). The grandmother's lack of character judging is pointed out in this scene. She believes that R...

Count to 10 in Spanish

Count to 10 in Spanish Children sometimes learn how to count to 10 in a foreign language merely because its fun to do so. But knowing the numbers can also be quite practical when traveling or shopping. Difficulty: Average Time Required: 10 minutes Heres How: To say one, say uno (OO-no, same as the name of the card game, rhymes with Juno).To say two, say dos (like a dose of medicine).To say three, say tres (like tress except that the r is pronounced with a flap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth).To say four, say cuatro (KWAH-tro, but again the r has a distinctive sound that is unlike Englishs).To say five, say cinco (SINK-oh).To say six, say seis (SAYSS, rhymes with trace).To say seven, say siete (roughly SYET-tay with the first syllable rhyming with the Russian nyet).To say eight, say ocho (OH-cho, rhymes with coach-oh).To say nine, say nueve (roughly NWEHV-ay, with the first syllable rhyming with Bev).To say ten, say diez (dyess, rhymes with yes). Tips: Review a Spanish pronunciation guide, or listen to the numbers spoken if you can.Note that in a sentence, un (oon, rhymes with tune) and una (OON-ah, rhymes with luna,) are often used to mean one, just as we often use a or an to mean one.

Economy of Malaysia Essay Example

Economy of Malaysia Essay Example Economy of Malaysia Essay Economy of Malaysia Essay But subsidies are essential, and has always been so to ensure the survival of all persons in Malaysia especially those from the lower-incomes groups including the middle class. The plan of removing subsidies and using the money saved to channel financial assistance directly to the poor is being now thrown around. But alas, this really will not work given the rise of corruption and discrimination in Malaysia. Even today, there are many complaints that the NOUN-led BAN government discriminates against persons belonging to (or alleged to be supporters of) other Opposition parties/persons. Connections are important in Malaysia when it comes to receiving benefits and opportunities, and that is why it is best to Just maintain subsidies for all essential items that affect survival and normal day living of all Malaysian. Remember, subsidies are only for the basic needs. With the opening of markets, and the entry of foreign companies this will mean that the Malaysian government money may have to be given to these foreign companies as subsidies to maintain the low prices that people In Malaysia pays. Why pay the foreign companies? Because there Is no choice for Just paying local rent service/material providers as this would be a violation of the free trade equal competition requirement. Today, subsidies with regard to electricity Is paid to Teenage but when another foreign utilities company comes In, then that company too will have to be paid subsidies. Whose fault? The NOUN-led BAN government but we have to pay for Its mistakes In the past today and tomorrow. Subsidy, at best, Is a poor mechanism to make food/fuel/services affordable to the less fortunate. Because of the nature of goods and services being subsidized, preventing subsidy reaching the wrong hands Is difficult. Put It another way, getting subsidy to be enjoyed by the target people Is tough because these goods and services are consumed widely. Besides, subsidy often create distortions In a market- driven economy giving the false Impression that the cost of production Is low. Hence, subsidy should be given out to specific deserving Individuals through a concession system on selected goods and services (such as medicine, public services). A better form of assistance to deserving citizens Is through financial assistance paid according to needs. The people of a country must learn how to live according to oral prices and this will make It more In tune with global competition. Economics By Yakima as subsidies to maintain the low prices that people in Malaysia pays. Why pay the foreign companies? Because there is no choice for Just paying local equal competition requirement. Today, subsidies with regard to electricity is paid to Teenage but when another foreign utilities company comes in, then that company we have to pay for its mistakes in the past today and tomorrow. *Subsidy, at best, is a poor mechanism to make food/fuel/services affordable to the preventing subsidy reaching the wrong hands is difficult. Put it another way, getting subsidy to be enjoyed by the target people is tough because these goods and services are consumed widely. Besides, subsidy often create distortions in a market- driven economy giving the false impression that the cost of production is low. Hence, subsidy should be given out to specific deserving individuals through a concession system on selected goods and services (such as medicine, public services). A better form of assistance to deserving citizens is through financial assistance paid world prices and this will make it more in tune with global competition.

How to Get Reviews

How to Get Reviews I did one of my two-minute podcasts this week on collecting reviews for books, because my mailbox is swamped with articles, podcasts, blog posts, and queries to me on how to land reviews. Just this week I heard from an author friend of mine who just released two books in a series at once. . . and still has less than ten reviews on the two combined even after the publisher sent out hundreds (yep, you read that right) of review copies. Week before last, I posted a call for reviewers on my Facebook page. I have four books with less than 100 reviews (82, 64, 51, and 47 for my last four books), and my goal this year is to reach 100 for all my books. Yes, I read reviews. Do I let a one-star destroy my day? No. Frankly, I dont breathe easy until someone has left me a pissy review, just so its out of my system. As a matter of fact, Newberry Sin has a 4.9/5 rating on Amazon, with only one three-star review. No ones or twos. Beats me why someone hasnt bashed it yet. My editor says thats because theres nothing to bash, but shes just being sweet. Nobody writes a book everybody likes. But how to get reviews? You coordinate them. You are going to learn that there are bookstore people, library people, and Amazon people, and usually, the bookstore people dont post reviews on Amazon. The anti-Amazon people wont post reviews on Amazon. Therefore, people who are active online and make Amazon purchases constitute the preferred reviewer. (Of course, if someone you know has a review column in a major publication, A close second preferred reader is a strong Goodreads person. Do they make their reading choices based upon Goodreads? Then great. Ask away, though an Amazon person will most likely also post on Goodreads. I start with social media, setting a time period in which I am seeking reviews, making it somewhat of a big deal, like an event. I offer print or ebook. Some publishers no longer do print ARCs or review copies. They are indeed pricey, especially when many requestors do not follow through. However, be prepared to send out some print copies. Yes, the cost can add up. Take note of who is doing your reviews. The plus of asking on social media or having to mail/email copies of the books is that you have their contact info. You can then follow-up and ask if they received the book a couple weeks later. This is NOT so you can push them to review. NEVER push someone to review. However, if someone does not follow-through, you know never to send them a review copy again. Common sense without breaking any cardinal rules. After nine novels, I have a list of what I call permanent reviewers. Ill send them a copy of any new release because they always review. Sometimes I ask in FundsforWriters, and other times in my author newsletter C. Hope Clark (sign up at www.chopeclark.com). This past week I sent out 40 copies. Reviews are already coming in. And I thank them. . . gush over them. These people are golden and deserve to be treated accordingly. So, in summation. . . you build relationships. Receiving a free book isnt enough. Goodness knows there are too dang many of those out there to the point that isnt a big deal. Its the back and forth, the willingness to respect and converse with anyone, the manners to say please and thank you. Its being generous and grateful. Readers love helping you if they feel appreciated, and I feel pretty darn grateful for mine.

One page background of the company Novartis ( include all the details Assignment

One page background of the company Novartis ( include all the details ) - Assignment Example its creation, Novartis as well as its parent companies have created and introduced a range of innovative medicines and products for consumers in general and patients in particular all over the world. The global headquarters of Novartis are located in Basel, Switzerland and the number of countries this company operates in is 140 (â€Å"About Novartis†). The businesses of Novartis are categorized into six different divisions of operation, namely Alcon, Pharmaceuticals, Sandoz, Corporate, Consumer, and Vaccines and Diagnostics. Alcon is for eye care whereas Sandoz is for generics. Consumer has two further divisions, namely Animal Health and Over-the-Counter. Novartis functions directly as well as through a number of subsidiaries in different countries across the globe, all of which lie in one of its divisions which are categorized by Novartis as fulfilling at least one of these functions; sales, holding or finance, research, and production. The mission of Novartis is cure and care. The company’s goal is to discover, formulate and introduce innovative products in the market successfully so that diseases can be prevented and cured, suffering of humanity can be eased, and the quality of life can be enhanced. In addition to that, Novartis also offers a shareholder return which shows wonderful performance and benefits the shareholders. Novartis also prepares drugs for the health and safety of animals, including pets as well as farming animals. â€Å"For pets, our products are effective aids to prevent internal and external parasites and treat ailments such as arthritic pain and kidney, heart and allergic diseases† (â€Å"Novartis Animal Health†). An in-depth analysis of the way Novartis sorts out data reveals the fact that the survival and success of Novartis can partly be attributed to the intelligent way in which the company sorts out data. The Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry lodged a complaint against Novartis Pharma K.K. complaining that the company’s

Research Defense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Defense - Essay Example This self induced greed would also increase our emotional detachment from the world just as the threat of nuclear weapons had done. 2. What ideas and theories did the frames provide that were a basis for your own argument Why did you choose these particular sources Explain each of your frames in detail and explain why they were used. The Ronald Reagan quotes provided a foundation for the theory that excessive spending was a political tactic and was encouraged by the government. The Federation for American Scientists (2007) were the basis for the contention that the Cold War was being pursued with the same sense of avarice and spending that was being taken in the private lives of Americans. Capra tied in the influence that technology has had on our spending habits that resulted in enormous personal desires for technology as well as the scientists' spending on advanced weapons systems. Kotkin (2003) and Reuveny & Prakash (1999) advanced the theory that the Cold War's advancement of Capitalism was affecting the Soviet's standard of living by negatively impacting their own spending patterns. They were spending more and enduring the hardships that came with it. The government exploited these small successes in the Cold War through more government excess and increased technology. 3. What frames provided counterpoints and varying perspectives for your paper Why did you choose those Again, explain in detail. The article titled "Generation X" (2007), which appeared in the Tallahassee Democrat on November 7, 1993, and was reprinted in the Atlanta Constitution, Charlotte Observer, Houston Chronicle, and Miami Herald, contends that the Gen-Xers were opposed to the massive debt left behind by the Cold War years. This generation grew up during, or was born, in the Reagan era. However, even though they were complaining, they were caught in the same trap of excessive greed that their elders had been. Though many would criticize the capitalistic approach and deficit spending, the criticism was often shallow and unfounded. 4. What did you argue in your paper Why did you argue that How did you use your sources to develop and support that argument The paper argued the technology and the threat of nuclear war had isolated the American public both emotionally and physically. In this isolation, self-gratification was allowed to flourish, and may have been the only satisfaction available. The fruits of capitalism could be explored to a great degree and there would be no personal responsibility taken for its outcome. It allowed for no outside moral guidance and values were quickly discarded. The surface rewards of economics were the only satisfaction available in the world of emotional isolation. They only furthered a sense of inadequacy that was brought on by what we could not have, not by what we had. This was evidenced by the envy of the Soviets for Western material goods. 5. If you had to pick one flaw in your work with the research paper, what is it and why did it occur One flaw in the paper is the failure to adequately pursue the aspect of the emotional isolation and its effect on over-consumption through the research of academic psychologists. This isolation that was driven by fear and enabled by

Hired as a political consultant to pick a party and outline its Essay

Hired as a political consultant to pick a party and outline its chances of winning - Essay Example The development of the blanket primary was as a result of the enactment of the Top two candidates Open Primary Act. The rule of the law was to develop a system that encourages competition among the participants and encourage the development of increased participation between the people of California. The act gives an opportunity for a candidate to advance into the general elections using the majority votes (Arnold 56). However, the law has not lived up to its expectation because of several challenges. It increased election spending because the election campaign period was extended to one year. From the research, conducted on the new enactment may lead to the development of increased power of the particular interest groups that fund the participants. The resultant effect of the blanket primary was the establishment of the same party candidates battling in the general elections which affected the success of the parties in the election process (Karol 43). In the past elections, the demo crats had seven candidates, and it led to increased competition. The political history of California District The district was created in 3rd January 1963 and has redistricted several times since its creation. However, the political climate of the district indicates strong affiliation to the Republican Party. The first two representatives were from the Republican Party, but were later followed by a reign of two Democratic representatives. Since then, the district has oscillated between republican and democrat and is currently under the leadership of Janice Hahn a democrat. Looking back at the last elections republicans led to the development of ideas and strong belief that the next election will have a republican representative taking over. The democrat reign in the House of Representatives will come to an end in the next election because there is a likelihood of the voters to change party from Democrat to Republican. However, from the trend illustrated above there is a high likelih ood of the voters, to vote in a republican representative. However, on the recent times,, the Democrat has benefited in winning the house of representative several times because of the consistency developed (Bishin 34). However, the population is getting tired with the increasing democratic representation. However, one vital issue evident in the election is that the president, governor, and house of representative votes of the district has shown similarities in the sense that; in most cases, they vote in the same party for president and governors. The success of the whole process of the campaign will be dependent on the ability to address issues of governance such as leadership and development. The success of a candidate depends on the ability to address the issues of the district differently from the set performance. Success will be if the candidate offers insight into the social issues. Current situation of the district The district was the 9th competitive congressional primaries in 2012 with the focus being the focus of the situation is based on the ability to solve the district problems. The success of the current candidates is based on the successful campaign process developed by the candidate. The success of the candidates in articulating the social issues was vital model for success. For a Republican Party candidate with the focus to win the next electio

Reconstruction and the west Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reconstruction and the west - Essay Example People like Richard Hathaway Edmond of the Baltimore’s Manufacturers’ Record, which was among the most read papers, had also advocated for the new south among others (Norton et al, 2011). The south was able to reinvent itself through industrialization. This was made possible through southern industries such as steel, mining, and ship building that had greatly flourished during World War 2 (Norton et al 2011). The Tennessee Valley Authority had built dams which generated electricity and employment which greatly affected both the residents and manufacturers. African Americans were also able to vote due to the changing of civic rights unlike in the past where they did not partake in any of the political activities, slavery was also abolished and eventually there was growth in economy, this lead to the increase in population, despite the fact that the south had been viewed as a huge economic failure. Although slavery had been abolished there was still racial segregation because the whites were still viewed as the superior race. For instance Henry Grady stated in a speech in 1888 that the supremacy of the white race of the south must be maintained forever because the white race is superior over the black race (Norton et al, 2011). Due to industrial growth, labor was required and most of the laborers were women who received very low wages and due to relying on cash crop farming many people lost their land and had to resort to being tenant farmers. The Lakota Sioux mainly hunted buffalo as it was their main source of food. They also used the skin for clothing, making utensils, mobile huts while they also used the bones for making knives, scrappers among other tools. In the 17th century they acquired horses from the Spanish through trade and sometimes they would steal the horses. They included the horses in their routine buffalo hunting. In 1776 the Lakota people fought and defeated the Cheyenne people taking over the black hills region from them

Positive impact of workplace diversity in the UAE Essay

Positive impact of workplace diversity in the UAE - Essay Example In enhancing the employment of workplace diversity, organizations manage to enjoy benefits such as: Existence of good communication between employees increases the productivity of an organization. However, good communication between employers and employees is as a result of diversification of practices in the workplace. Workplace diversity means the coming together of staff from different cultures and backgrounds. Diversity is important because of many reasons. It promotes equality among people in questing for opportunities. In supporting equal opportunities, make institutions increase their benefits. â€Å"Sharing work and working in teams from different cultures can help to overcome cultural differences through shared experiences when working within a team† (Al-Jenaibi, 2012). Additionally, it is evident that â€Å"managing diversity is about more than equal employment opportunity and affirmative action† (Green, Kepner, Lopez & Wysocki, 2002). Al-Jenaibi B. (2012). ‘The scope and impact of workplace diversity in the United Arab Emirates – An initial study’, Malaysis Journal of Society and Space. Retrieved October 21, 2014, from http://www.ukm.my/geografia/images/upload/14.Geografia-2012_Badreya%20Al-Jenaibi_EDITED-azlan-nn-1.doc.pdf Green, K., Kepner, K., Lopez, M. & Wysocki, A. (2002). Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools. Retrieved October 21, 2014, from

Original writing Essay Example for Free

Original writing Essay I desperately waited for the answer. Laura has been murdered I was speechless once again come on honey, think, youve been in this situation before. My brain started to hurt, I was in utter confusion. She was only 9 years old and she was a Buddhist, she had no health problems, she had no enemies well not that I could think of 20 seconds from then has just gone passed without any speech, I received a fax from the south, it was a picture, I took it, I gazed at it in horror. What I saw was something that would never leave my mind. It was a picture of my best friend, brutally murdered a piece of her body probably her arm had been cut into almost equal boxes of about 10 cm each and placed in a certain way to spell something something that still continues today. the LTT. LTT is the Liberation Tigers of Tamil, a terrorist organization in Sri Lanka that began in 1970 as a student protest over the limited university access for Tamil students; currently seeks to establish an independent Tamil state; relies on guerrilla strategy including terrorist tactics that target key government and military personnel; the Tamil Tigers perfected suicide bombing as a weapon of war. They attack the southern part of Sri Lanka where there are many Buddhists, Muslims and Catholic. I never thought the LTT would have gotten this far. but they have. The questions and the disappointment that reached my brain were agonizing. I thought she trusted me, I thought she would tell me everything, I thought she would never doubted me. I thought she told me that there was NO ENEMIES, although I did know she had her little plans for peace, but not clearly. That instance I realised all these years of knowing each other was a bogus we didnt really no each other if we did then why am I so confused? 1. Today is the 22nd of August 2002, 9:15 pm. I stared at the newspaper in my bedroom. The newspaper I remember its the last thing we were talking about before we left, you were very clever for your age, I valued your words highly, I sure didnt seem to care about them, but I did keep it in my head, thats the only thing I have to remind myself of you. Remember once you were reading this newspaper about enlightenment? You gave me the English section; I thought it was pretty stupid, I remember reading it, and putting it away. Do you also remember the next day you went home angry at me for putting curd in your shoes and tying the shoelaces together? I felt bad okay, I waited with the newspaper for you to come back and give it to you, as stupid as it may sound of giving you an old newspaper, I kept it in a way to apologize to you after annoying you and show you that I do take care of your things. but you never came back. I cant ask you anymore, the answers to the questions, the answers to this mystery, and the answers to life. I cant talk to you no more, Mum will think Im gone insane because only mad people talk to a newspapers. But then I wouldnt mind because if murdering people is how sane people are, then Id love to be insane. I can however read it to you; this page will always be in my mind. Ill hold you to my ear so you can tell me what happened, but I know newspapers cant talk. Ill draw you in the newspaper and then you can talk But only computer animations do that. Remember yesterday when you flew over to the temple through my window, and you were floating with the wind? Remember I ran after you screaming and shouting your name? Remember people staring at me, thinking I was a stupid child running after a newspaper? I dont care what they think, what matters is what I think, I think of you, Ill cuddle you, Ill die for you, you are that one person that I ALWAYS trust, that one person who is very dear to me, even if you are just a friend, you were part of the family. Sorry for all the things I told you, it was a misunderstanding, you understand right? Thats what best friends do, thats what humans do. Please come back, at least give me a clue pointing me to the direction of where this happened, maybe how the angels pointed to the illumination church in Vatican city just like Dan Brown says in his book of Angels and Demons, but yours with newspapers perhaps? Remember when we played this little game of treasure hunt in the back garden? Please tell me this is one of that, you know I hate mysteries, then why did have to leave me mystified? Give me the answer to this mystery, Ill try my best, point me towards it, whatever, Ill find my way, I know you will guide me so I wont get scared. Ill promise you Ill do whatever you wanted me to do; Ill play lots and lots of treasure hunt games with you, even if I think its stupid. Are you satisfied now? Please come back. Please tell me this is a joke. Ill email you, but I cant, I dont have your address, Theres no point in emailing you because maybe you dont have computers up there or you just dont a email account. Is it [emailprotected] com? You have to live in a place you have computers to read my mail. I cant send you a post card or a letter can I? I dont have your address; do you have a postman up there? Im sorry I spilled water in your painting, I hope thats not why you went, I promise I wont do it again, you know Im clumsy and thats how I learn. Only I know how painful it is to tell you this, but I regret shouting at you, annoying you just because I was bored, I know you were joking those times but I took it seriously. But anyhow and anyway I wish you were back. Ill staple my mouth so I wont scream at you and loose you again. I read this newspaper over and over again, to see if you had left me a clue, the only clue I found was heaven, is that it? If I keep this, it will remind me of you, Ill place it carefully and keep it organised the way you like it. Ill make sure your letters wont dissolve in my tears. I should stop now, I wouldnt want to wet you, dont worry Ill look after you. I take care of you like you took care of me and stood beside me in everything I did. Oh how I wish you were back. Please, please, please come back. I miss you awfully.

Omar Khayyam Was A Persian Mathematician History Essay

Omar Khayyam Was A Persian Mathematician History Essay Omar Khayyam was a Persian mathematician, philosopher, astronomer, physician and a poet. He was born in Nishapur, Persia on 18 May, 1048 (AD) and he died on 4 Dec, 1131 (AD). He wrote treatises on mechanics, geography, and music. Khayyam had superior intelligence, his expertise were in many different subject areas. Just like most ancient scientists Omar Khayyam was also a polymath. Khayyams full name was Ghiyath al-Din Abul-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami. A litteral translation of al-Khayyami is tent maker which possibly came from his father Ibrahims trade. Khayyam was an established astronomer and mathematician of the medieval period. He was recognized for the most important treatise on algebra, as shown in his Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra giving geometric method for solving cubic equations by intersecting a hyperbola with a circle. One of his greatest achievements in astronomy was that he came up with a calendar to figure the length of the tropical year. This calendar was so accurate that it is still used today. Khayyam was truly an intellectual being, whose legacy continues in the 21st century. Khayyam may have proposed a heliocentric theory a long time before Nicolaus Copernicus. This theory states that the sun is stationary and is placed in the center of the universe, and the earth and other planets revolve around it. Khayyam has not only impacted the Persian world but has also had a substantial impact in the west through literature and his scholarly work. Edward FitzGerald was one the man that made Khayyam famous in the western world. FitzGerald translated Khayyams work into English and the result was a small number of quatrains, also known as rubaiyaas in the Rubà ¡iyà ¡t of Omar Khayyà ¡m. Khayyam is well known for his scientific and poetic writings, but he has received very little credit as a philosopher and a teacher. Al-Zamakhshari was a famous medieval muslim scholar of Iranian origin. He recognized Khayyam as a philosopher of the world. Now there are many sources that confirm that Khayyam spent a lot of his life teaching the philosophy of Ibn Sina in Nishapur. Most of Khayyams life was spent in Nishapur, and he passed away there as well. He is buried in a masterpiece of Iranian architecture, which is visited by many people every year. Nishapur was located near an ancient civilization of china and India. Every year, the high school that Omar Khayyam attended has a national day of celebration, where they credit this genius mans work and pray that may god bring many more Omar Khayyam in the future. The original Nishapur city does not exist anymore due to some earth quakes and the Mongol invasions later on. Only some remains of Nishapur exist today. This was a very large city, in 1040AD Persia was invaded by the Turkish tribe know as the Sultans. They defeated the rulers and made this city the capital of their new empire. The sultans came converted to Islam and had knowledge of agriculture and civilization and they had no intention to destroy the land. During the time of Khayyam, the ruling king was Malik Shah, also known as JalÄ l al-Dawlah Malik-shÄ h. He was remembered as one of the greatest Seljuk Sultans and he ruled from 1072 to 1092. Under Malik Shahs ruling colleges in Nishapur were opened where some of the finest scholars studied, and Khayyam was one of them. People would come to Nishapur from all over the world to study and they would take Nishapurs great name back to their home with glory. Khayyam became so famous due to his work that a lunar crater and a small planet is even named after him. Abour 900 years after Khayyams death, his name appears everywhere in what is known in the modern days as Tehran. Manny people were inspired by Omar Khayyam genious work and a person with a name of Ali Dhebashi even wrote a book called May va Mina translated in English as Wine and the Wine Glass. The author mentions that he only wrote the book to satisfy his own curiosity. This book contains a collection of the most important articles about Khayyam on different aspects of life. This books presents a very accurate picture of Omar Khayyam, about his poetry, mathematics and his understanding of how he managed to understand the depth of the human spirit. Every summer professors and intellectual people gather in the University of Cambridge to celebrate Omar Khayyams achievements. The man responsible for making Omar Khayyam well known in the west was Edward FitzGerald. He was from a very wealthy Irish family, and his parents were known to be one of the richest people in England. FitzGerald went to Cambridge University, but never really had a profession or a job. He had a very nice personality and was very friendly person. FitzGerald soon became friends with a young linguist called Edward Cowell. In 1857, Cowell found some Persian poetry written by Omar Khayyam in a library located in Kolkata, India and gave them to FitzGerald. He translated this book and the first edition was published during January in 1859, it was titled as Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. This book did not gather much attention at first and it was not until 1868 that the Rubaiyat started to become famous and FitzGerald was urged to write a revised second version. The original Rubaiyat was produced around 550 years ago, and still it has been kept in its original condition. It is still hard for a person that speaks Persian now in the 21st century to translate just a couple of lines of the Rubaiyat into English. For that reason it is still recognized that FitzGerald had great talent and was also a very intelligent being. Mainly, people have seen Omar Khayyams as such a great figure because of the aspect in his poetry. Khayyam demonstrates his understanding of human nature, mans loneliness and the complex inner being of a human through poetry. Around 1070AD Omar Khayyam moved to a place called Samarqand which is now known as one of the oldest cities located in Uzbekistan. It was only here that Khayyam did his mathematical work, which would make him even more famous for that as well. Abu Tahir, a well known jurist supported Khayyam in Samarqand which allowed Khayyam to write some his most famous algebra work. Now days, most people think that mathematics was all created by the Greeks. Then, once the ancient Greek empire collapsed, the math discoveries were stopped until the Europeans started to prove new findings around late 1300s. In fact, there were a huge amount of discoveries being made in the eastern side of the world. Countries such as, China, India, Persia, and the Muslim world were discovering specifically a language that would come to be known as algebra during Omar Khayyams time period. During this time in the west, mathematicians were not aware of the achievements being made by young scholars in the east. Omar Khayyams greatest achievement in math was the cubic equation. Although he did not solve this problem of inventing a cubic equation, he got a partial answer to it. Omar Khayyam was very frustrated with this for some time, and he wrote that later one in the future someone would come uncover this secret and it was actually the Europeans that took Khayyams partial answer and c onverted it into a full equation. Music is a part of our daily life; it is the spirit of our languages. Mohammad Reza Shajarian is well known around the world now to be a master of Persian music. Over 30 years ago, he made an album containing Omar Khayyams Rubaiyat and it is still one of the best sellers today. One of the famous lines is Ah, make the most of what we yet may spend, before we too in the dust descend, Dust into Dust and under Dust to lie, Sans Wine, Sans Song, Sans Singer, and Sans End! (Edward FitzGerald, The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam) Many people still believe that Omar Khayyams poetry had a substantial influence on him as an astronomer and only this ability allowed him to achieve the great discoveries he made. Khayyam found the lunar calendar, one of his biggest accomplishments throughout his life. Even though Khayyam is mainly known in our world today as a great poet mainly, but he was well known in his time for revolutionizing the way time was calculated. Prior to the discovery of the lunar calenda r, people would celebrate spring when it was actually winter or vice versa. Over the years, the king figured the time was being calculated incorrectly. This was due to the time measurements being taken from the moon. The old time calculating method still had 12 months but it had only 354 days in a year, which were slowly decreasing. The king Malik Shah at the time of Omar Khayyam needed an accurate calendar since he collected tax from the public every year. So the rule was that when you harvest your crop, you have to pay the tax. Sometimes, the kings people would claim to want more tax due to the year being shorter, or other times the farmers would say we dont owe any tax this year. The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Toghril Beg had made Malik Shah, his grandson the ruler of Esfahan. So in the early 1070s the king Malik Shah and his chief Nizam al-Mulk requested Khayyam to go to Esfahan and setup a place built for the intellectual astronomers, known as an observatory. Omar Khayyam led the scientists and studied the movements in space over 18 years and they m ade their greatest discoveries here. This period of time was of political peace, which helped to dedicate Khayyam to this scholarly work. These astronomers were ingenious, they learned from the Greeks achievements in the past that one had to observer accurately, be extremely careful and they required high technological instruments. Khayyam observed that the planets and the sun change position all the time. However, the stars stay fixed but only relative to each other, so the astronomers used certain stars as reference points. Later, these were known as the signs of the zodiac. The astronomers calculated the time it took to go from one star to the other, and these are now called the months. This allowed Khayyam to calculate the time it took for the sun to make a complete revolution around the earth, which is known as a year. Khayyam came up with the length of the solar year which is very accurate even until today. He measured the length of the year to be precisely, 365.24219858156 days. Scientists have now proven that Khayyams calculation was correct upto sixth decimal places, since the earths revolution only goes to six decimal places accuracy, Khayyam actually had predicted with the over amount of significant figures and this is how accurate his calculations were. Khayyam would use an instrument called Astrola be. It was an amazing technology, which would allow one to accurately check what time it is at a certain point in the day. Even until after about 900 years, there exist some clubs named after Omar Khayyam and Edward FitzGerald who took the ingenious author out of the shadow. A dinner club dedicated to both these authors still exists today in London. This club was built in the early 1890s and does not allow women to be a part of it, even now. Its members eat dinner together in the remembrance of both the great authors. There exists a Club of Omar Khayyam in the United States as well and in the University of Texas, they have the world largest collection of the Rubaiyat. Ever since FitzGerald started to publish Omar Khayyams work in the west, advertisements started using Omar Khayyams name in the books. There were games made after Omar Khayyams name and many dinner menus. In Khayyams poetry, his main message across the audience was life is short; enjoy it while you still can. He used to say that one should maximize life, and have another glass of wine while still they can. The argument still continues about how much FitzGerald translated the Rubaiyat and how much of it was his own work. The original Persian copy of the Rubaiyat was not written in much order but FitzGerald arranged the Rubaiyat in a chronological manner increasing the poetries depth and meaning. It was not too long until the peaceful political period ended during Khayyams time. In 1092, Malik Shah died and his chief Nizam al-Mulk was murdered in Esfahan due to a terrorist movement known as the Assassins. Then later, Malik Shahs wife ruled for two years and many people did not support her. Consequently, the obersvatory was shut down and the funding was stopped. This meant that Khayyams mission to reform the calendar was put on hold. After a little while, Khayyam had been attacked by a g roup of religious people that claimed Khayyam was questioning the faith of the believers. Soon, Khayyam came to know that no one was in his favour, but he still tried to remain calm and hoped to regain favour. As the time passed one, he wrote a book a book which described Irans previous rulers as being great men of honour, since they had supported the scholarly works of science. At this point in time of Omar Khayyam, the rulers of this empire were not in favour of promoting any sort of scholarly work. Sanjar, Malik Shahs third son became the leader of the Seljuk Empire in 1118AD. Under Sanjars ruling Merv became the capital of the empire. It is now located in Mary, Turkmenistan, here Sanjar built a great center of Islamic studies and Khayyam found many more of his mathematic findings here. Khayyam discovered here that the a cubic equation can have more than one solution. Sadly, he was not able to prove that there could even be three solutions but he wrote in his work that he hopes one day arithmetic solution might be found one day.